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youtube-dl - youtube.comやその他の動画プラットフォームから動画をダウンロードする INSTALLATION DESCRIPTION OPTIONS CONFIGURATION OUTPUT TEMPLATE FORMAT SELECTION VIDEO SELECTION FAQ DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS EMBEDDING YOUTUBE-DL BUGS COPYRIGHT INSTALLATION To install it right away for all UNIX users (Linux, macOS, etc.), type sudo curl -L https //yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl If you do not have curl, you can alternatively use a recent wget sudo wget https //yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl Windows users can download an .exe file and place it in any location on their PATH except for %SYSTEMROOT%\System32 (e.g. do not put in C \Windows\System32). You can also use pip sudo -H pip install --upgrade youtube-dl This command will update youtube-dl if you have already installed it. See the pypi page for more information. macOS users can install youtube-dl with Homebrew brew install youtube-dl Or with MacPorts sudo port install youtube-dl Alternatively, refer to the developer instructions for how to check out and work with the git repository. For further options, including PGP signatures, see the youtube-dl Download Page. DESCRIPTION youtube-dl is a command-line program to download videos from YouTube.com and a few more sites. It requires the Python interpreter, version 2.6, 2.7, or 3.2+, and it is not platform specific. It should work on your Unix box, on Windows or on macOS. It is released to the public domain, which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like. youtube-dl [OPTIONS] URL [URL...] OPTIONS -h, --help これのヘルプテキストを出力して終了する --version プログラムのバージョンを出力して終了する -U, --update このプログラムを最新バージョンに更新する。 十分な権限があることを確認してください (必要なら sudo 付きで実行します) -i, --ignore-errors 再生リストで利用できない動画をスキップするなど、ダウンロードエラーでも続行します --abort-on-error エラーが発生した場合、それ以上の(プレイリストまたはコマンドライン内の)動画のダウンロードを中止する --dump-user-agent 現在のブラウザIDを表示しま --list-extractors すべてのサポートされている抽出機能を一覧表示する --extractor-descriptions すべてのサポートされている抽出機能の説明を表示する --force-generic-extractor 抽出に汎用の抽出機能を強制的に使用する --default-search PREFIX 不適切なURLのためにこのプレフィックスを使用します。 For example gvsearch2 downloads two videos from google videos for youtube-dl large apple . 値 auto を使用してyoutube-dlに推測させます ( auto_warning to emit a warning when guessing). error は単にエラーを投げます。 デフォルト値 fixup_error は壊れたURLを修復しますが、これが不可能である場合は検索の代わりにエラーを発生させます。 --ignore-config 設定ファイルを読み取らない。 グローバル設定ファイル /etc/youtube-dl.conf が与えられている場合 ~/.config/youtube-dl/config (Windows では %APPDATA%/youtube-dl/config.txt) のユーザー設定を読み取らない --config-location PATH 設定ファイルの位置; 設定へのパスまたはそれを含むディレクトリ。 --flat-playlist プレイリストの動画は抽出せず、一覧表示するだけ。 --mark-watched 視聴した動画をマークする (YouTubeのみ) --no-mark-watched 視聴した動画をマークしない (YouTubeのみ) --no-color Do not emit color codes in output Network Options --proxy URL 指定された HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS プロキシを使用する。 SOCKS プロキシを有効にするには、適切なスキームを指定します。 たとえば socks5 //127.0.0.1 1080/ 。 直接接続の場合は空文字列 (--proxy ) を渡します --socket-timeout SECONDS Time to wait before giving up, in seconds --source-address IP Client-side IP address to bind to -4, --force-ipv4 IPv4経由ですべての接続を確立する -6, --force-ipv6 IPv6経由ですべての接続を確立する Geo Restriction --geo-verification-proxy URL このプロキシを使用して、一部の地理的に制限されたサイトのIPアドレスを確認します。 実際のダウンロードには、-proxyで指定されたデフォルトのプロキシ（オプションが存在しない場合はnone）が使用されます。 --geo-bypass X-Forwarded-For HTTP ヘッダーの偽造により地理的制限を回避する --no-geo-bypass X-Forwarded-For HTTP ヘッダーの偽造により地理的制限を回避しない --geo-bypass-country CODE 明示的に提供された2文字の ISO 3166-2 国コード で地理的制限を強制的に回避する --geo-bypass-ip-block IP_BLOCK CIDR記法で明示的に提供されたIPブロックで地理的制限を強制的に回避する Video Selection --playlist-start NUMBER Playlist video to start at (default is 1) --playlist-end NUMBER Playlist video to end at (default is last) --playlist-items ITEM_SPEC ダウンロードするプレイリストの動画アイテム。 プレイリスト内の 1,2,5,8 でインデックスされた動画をダウンロードしたい場合は、 --playlist-items 1,2,5,8 のように、プレイリスト内の動画のインデックスをカンマで区切って指定します。 範囲を指定できます --playlist-items 1-3,7,10-13 , これはインデックス 1,2,3,7,10,11,12,13 の動画をダウンロードします。 --match-title REGEX 一致するタイトルのみをダウンロード (正規表現または大文字と小文字を区別しない部分文字列) --reject-title REGEX 一致するタイトルのダウンロードをスキップ (正規表現または大文字と小文字を区別しない部分文字列) --max-downloads NUMBER NUMBER 個のファイルをダウンロード後に中止 --min-filesize SIZE SIZE (50k や 44.6m など) より小さい任意の動画はダウンロードしない --max-filesize SIZE SIZE (50k や 44.6m など) より大きい任意の動画はダウンロードしない --date DATE この日付にアップロードされた動画のみダウンロード --datebefore DATE この日付にもしくは前に (即ち包括的) アップロードされた動画のみをダウンロード --dateafter DATE この日付にもしくは後に (即ち包括的) アップロードされた動画のみをダウンロード --min-views COUNT 再生回数 COUNT 未満の任意の動画はダウンロードしない --max-views COUNT 再生回数 COUNT 超過の任意の動画はダウンロードしない --match-filter FILTER ジェネリックビデオフィルター。 キーが存在する場合に一致する任意のキー(使用可能なキーのリストについては、 OUTPUT TEMPLATE を参照してください。)を指定し、!keyを指定してキーが存在しないかどうかを確認し、key NUMBER ( comment_count 12 のように、 =, , =,!=,=でも機能します)を指定して数値と比較し、key= LITERAL ( uploader = Mike Smith のように、!=でも機能します)を指定して文字列リテラルと一致させます。 --no-playlist URLが動画とプレイリストを参照している場合は、動画のみをダウンロードする。 --yes-playlist URLが動画とプレイリストを参照している場合は、プレイリストをダウンロードする。 --age-limit YEARS 特定の年齢に適した動画のみをダウンロードする --download-archive FILE アーカイブファイルにリストされていない動画のみダウンロードする。 そこにすべてのダウンロードされた動画のIDを記録する。 --include-ads 広告もダウンロードする (実験的) Download Options -r, --limit-rate RATE バイト毎秒単位の最大ダウンロード速度 (例 50K や 4.2M) -R, --retries RETRIES 再試行回数(デフォルトは10)、または infinite 。 --fragment-retries RETRIES フラグメントの再試行回数(デフォルトは10)、または infinite (DASH, hlsnative および ISM) --skip-unavailable-fragments 利用できないフラグメントをスキップする (DASH, hlsnative および ISM) --abort-on-unavailable-fragment 一部のフラグメントが利用可能でない場合、ダウンロードを中止する --keep-fragments ダウンロードが終了した後ディスクにダウンロードされたフラグメントを保つ; フラグメントはデフォルトで消去されます --buffer-size SIZE ダウンロードバッファのサイズ (例 1024 や 16K) (デフォルトは1024) --no-resize-buffer バッファサイズを自動的に調節しない。 デフォルトでは、バッファサイズはSIZEの初期値から自動的にリサイズされます。 --http-chunk-size SIZE チャンクベースのHTTPダウンロード用のチャンクのサイズ (例 10485760 または 10M) (デフォルトでは無効)。 Webサーバーによって課せられる帯域幅調整をバイパスするのに役立つ場合があります（実験的） --playlist-reverse プレイリストの動画を逆順でダウンロードする --playlist-random プレイリストの動画を乱順でダウンロードする --xattr-set-filesize 予想されるファイルサイズで file xattribute ytdl.filesize を設定します --hls-prefer-native ffmpegの代わりにネイティブHLSダウンローダーを使用する --hls-prefer-ffmpeg ネイティブHLSダウンローダーの代わりにffmpegを使用する --hls-use-mpegts HLSビデオのmpegtsコンテナーを使用して、ダウンロード中にビデオを再生できるようにします（一部のプレーヤーはビデオを再生できない場合があります） --external-downloader COMMAND 指定された外部ダウンローダーを使用する。 現在 aria2c,avconv,axel,curl,ffmpeg,httpie,wget をサポート --external-downloader-args ARGS これらの引数を外部ダウンローダーに与える Filesystem Options -a, --batch-file FILE ダウンロードするURLを含むファイル(stdin の場合は - )、行あたり1URL。 # , ; , ] で始まる行はコメントと見なされ無視されます。 --id ファイル名にはビデオIDのみ使用する -o, --output TEMPLATE Output filename template, see the OUTPUT TEMPLATE for all the info --autonumber-start NUMBER Specify the start value for %(autonumber)s (default is 1) --restrict-filenames ファイル名をASCII文字のみに制限し、ファイル名で ＆ と空白を避ける -w, --no-overwrites ファイルを上書きしない -c, --continue 部分的にダウンロードされたファイルを強制的に再開する。 デフォルトでは、youtube-dlは可能であればダウンロードを再開する。 --no-continue 部分的にダウンロードされたファイルを再開しない (最初から再開) --no-part .partファイルを使用しない - 出力ファイルに直接書き込む --no-mtime Do not use the Last-modified header to set the file modification time --write-description ビデオの説明を.descriptionファイルに書き込む --write-info-json ビデオメタデータを.info.jsonファイルに書き込む --write-annotations ビデオ注釈を.annotations.xmlファイルに書き込む --load-info-json FILE JSON file containing the video information (created with the --write-info-json option) --cookies FILE File to read cookies from and dump cookie jar in --cache-dir DIR youtube-dlがいくらかのダウンロードされた情報を永続的に格納できるファイルシステム内の位置。 デフォルトでは $XDG_CACHE_HOME/youtube-dl または ~/.cache/youtube-dl 。 At the moment, only YouTube player files (for videos with obfuscated signatures) are cached, but that may change. --no-cache-dir ファイルシステムのキャッシュを無効にする --rm-cache-dir すべてのファイルシステムキャッシュファイルを削除する Thumbnail images --write-thumbnail サムネイル画像をディスクへ書き込む --write-all-thumbnails すべてのサムネイル画像形式をディスクへ書き込む --list-thumbnails すべての利用可能なサムネイル形式をシミュレートして一覧表示する Verbosity / Simulation Options -q, --quiet Activate quiet mode --no-warnings 警告を無視する -s, --simulate ビデオをダウンロードせずディスクへ何も書き込まない --skip-download ビデオをダウンロードしない -g, --get-url Simulate, quiet but print URL -e, --get-title Simulate, quiet but print title --get-id Simulate, quiet but print id --get-thumbnail Simulate, quiet but print thumbnail URL --get-description Simulate, quiet but print video description --get-duration Simulate, quiet but print video length --get-filename Simulate, quiet but print output filename --get-format Simulate, quiet but print output format -j, --dump-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information. See the OUTPUT TEMPLATE for a description of available keys. -J, --dump-single-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information for each command-line argument. If the URL refers to a playlist, dump the whole playlist information in a single line. --print-json Be quiet and print the video information as JSON (video is still being downloaded). --newline Output progress bar as new lines --no-progress プログレスバーを出力しない --console-title Display progress in console titlebar -v, --verbose さまざまなデバッグ情報を出力する --dump-pages 問題をデバッグするためにbase64を使用してエンコードされたダウンロードされたページを出力する (非常に詳細) --write-pages 問題をデバッグするためにダウンロードされた中間ページを現在のディレクトリのファイルへ書き込む --print-traffic 送受信されたHTTPトラフィックを表示する -C, --call-home デバッグのためにyoutube-dlサーバーに連絡する --no-call-home デバッグのためにyoutube-dlサーバーに連絡しない Workarounds --encoding ENCODING 指定されたエンコーディングを強制する (実験的) --no-check-certificate HTTPS証明書の検証を抑制する --prefer-insecure 動画に関する情報を取得するために、暗号化されていない接続を使用する。 (現在はYouTubeでのみサポートされています) --user-agent UA カスタムユーザーエージェントを指定する --referer URL カスタムリファラーを指定する、ビデオアクセスが1つのドメインに制限されている場合に使用します --add-header FIELD VALUE コロン で区切られた、カスタムHTTPヘッダーとその値を指定する。 このオプションは複数回使用できます --bidi-workaround Work around terminals that lack bidirectional text support. Requires bidiv or fribidi executable in PATH --sleep-interval SECONDS Number of seconds to sleep before each download when used alone or a lower bound of a range for randomized sleep before each download (minimum possible number of seconds to sleep) when used along with --max-sleep-interval. --max-sleep-interval SECONDS Upper bound of a range for randomized sleep before each download (maximum possible number of seconds to sleep). Must only be used along with --min-sleep-interval. Video Format Options -f, --format FORMAT ビデオフォーマットコード、すべての情報については FORMAT SELECTION を参照してください --all-formats すべての利用可能なビデオ形式をダウンロードする --prefer-free-formats 特定の形式が要求されない限り無料のビデオ形式を優先する -F, --list-formats リクエストされた動画のすべての利用可能なフォーマットをリストする --youtube-skip-dash-manifest Do not download the DASH manifests and related data on YouTube videos --merge-output-format FORMAT マージが必要な場合(例 bestvideo+bestaudio)、与えられたコンテナー形式に出力します。 mkv,mp4,ogg,webm,flv のいずれか。 マージが不要な場合は無視されます Subtitle Options --write-sub 字幕ファイルを書き込む --write-auto-sub 自動生成された字幕ファイルを書き込む (YouTubeのみ) --all-subs ビデオのすべての利用可能な字幕をダウンロードする --list-subs ビデオのすべての利用可能な字幕をリストする --sub-format FORMAT Subtitle format, accepts formats preference, for example srt or ass/srt/best --sub-lang LANGS Languages of the subtitles to download (optional) separated by commas, use --list- subs for available language tags Authentication Options -u, --username USERNAME このアカウントIDでログインする -p, --password PASSWORD アカウントパスワード。 このオプションを省略した場合、youtube-dlは対話的に尋ねます。 -2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR 二要素認証コード -n, --netrc Use .netrc authentication data --video-password PASSWORD Video password (vimeo, smotri, youku) Adobe Pass Options --ap-mso MSO Adobe Pass multiple-system operator (TV provider) identifier, use --ap-list-mso for a list of available MSOs --ap-username USERNAME Multiple-system operator account login --ap-password PASSWORD Multiple-system operator account password. If this option is left out, youtube-dl will ask interactively. --ap-list-mso List all supported multiple-system operators Post-processing Options -x, --extract-audio ビデオファイルをオーディオのみのファイルに変換する (ffmpegまたはavconvおよびffprobeまたはavprobeが必要です) --audio-format FORMAT オーディオ形式を指定 best , aac , flac , mp3 , m4a , opus , vorbis , または wav ; デフォルトでは best ; -xなしでは効果なし --audio-quality QUALITY Specify ffmpeg/avconv audio quality, insert a value between 0 (better) and 9 (worse) for VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K (default 5) --recode-video FORMAT 必要に応じて、ビデオを別の形式にエンコードします (現在サポートされているもの mp4|flv|ogg|webm|mkv|avi) --postprocessor-args ARGS Give these arguments to the postprocessor -k, --keep-video Keep the video file on disk after the post- processing; the video is erased by default --no-post-overwrites Do not overwrite post-processed files; the post-processed files are overwritten by default --embed-subs Embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4, webm and mkv videos) --embed-thumbnail Embed thumbnail in the audio as cover art --add-metadata Write metadata to the video file --metadata-from-title FORMAT Parse additional metadata like song title / artist from the video title. The format syntax is the same as --output. Regular expression with named capture groups may also be used. The parsed parameters replace existing values. Example --metadata-from- title %(artist)s - %(title)s matches a title like Coldplay - Paradise . Example (regex) --metadata-from-title (?P artist .+?) - (?P title .+) --xattrs Write metadata to the video file s xattrs (using dublin core and xdg standards) --fixup POLICY Automatically correct known faults of the file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the default; fix file if we can, warn otherwise) --prefer-avconv Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the postprocessors --prefer-ffmpeg Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the postprocessors (default) --ffmpeg-location PATH Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary; either the path to the binary or its containing directory. --exec CMD Execute a command on the file after downloading and post-processing, similar to find s -exec syntax. Example --exec adb push {} /sdcard/Music/ rm {} --convert-subs FORMAT Convert the subtitles to other format (currently supported srt|ass|vtt|lrc) CONFIGURATION 任意のサポートされているコマンドラインオプションを設定ファイルに配置することでyoutube-dlを設定できます。 LinuxおよびmacOSでは、システム全体の設定ファイルは /etc/youtube-dl.conf にありユーザー全体の設定ファイルは ~/.config/youtube-dl/config にあります。 Windowsでは、ユーザー全体の構成ファイルの位置は %APPDATA%\youtube-dl\config.txt または C\Users\ ユーザー名 \youtube-dl.conf です。 Note that by default configuration file may not exist so you may need to create it yourself. For example, with the following configuration file youtube-dl will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime, use a proxy and save all videos under Movies directory in your home directory # #で始まる行はコメントです # 常に音声を抽出する -x # mtimeをコピーしない --no-mtime # このプロキシを使用する --proxy 127.0.0.1 3128 # すべてのビデオをホームディレクトリのムービーディレクトリに保存する -o ~/Movies/%(title)s.%(ext)s Note that options in configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls thus there must be no whitespace after - or --, e.g. -o or --proxy but not - o or -- proxy. You can use --ignore-config if you want to disable the configuration file for a particular youtube-dl run. You can also use --config-location if you want to use custom configuration file for a particular youtube-dl run. .netrc ファイルによる認証 You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with --username and --password) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every youtube-dl execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a .netrc file on a per extractor basis. For that you will need to create a .netrc file in your $HOME and restrict permissions to read/write by only you touch $HOME/.netrc chmod a-rwx,u+rw $HOME/.netrc After that you can add credentials for an extractor in the following format, where extractor is the name of the extractor in lowercase machine extractor login login password password For example machine youtube login myaccount@gmail.com password my_youtube_password machine twitch login my_twitch_account_name password my_twitch_password To activate authentication with the .netrc file you should pass --netrc to youtube-dl or place it in the configuration file. On Windows you may also need to setup the %HOME% environment variable manually. For example set HOME=%USERPROFILE% OUTPUT TEMPLATE -o オプションはユーザーが出力ファイル名のためのテンプレートを指定できるようにします。 tl;dr navigate me to examples. 基本的な使い方は、 youtube-dl -o funny_video.flv https //some/video のように単一のファイルをダウンロードするときにテンプレート引数を何も設定しないことです。 ただし、個々のビデオをダウンロードする際に置き換えられる特別なシーケンスをそれに含められます。 特別なシーケンスは、python文字列フォーマット操作に従ってフォーマットできます。 たとえば、 %(NAME)s や %(NAME)05d 。 明確にするために、これはパーセント記号に丸括弧内の名前が続き、フォーマット操作が続きます。 シーケンスタイプとともに使用できる名前は id (string) ビデオ識別子 title (string) ビデオタイトル url (string) ビデオURL ext (string) ビデオの拡張子 alt_title (string) ビデオの二次タイトル display_id (string) ビデオの代替識別子 uploader (string) 動画アップローダーのフルネーム license (string) ビデオがライセンスされているライセンス名 creator (string) ビデオの作成者 release_date (string) ビデオがリリースされた日付(YYYYMMDD) timestamp (numeric) ビデオが利用可能になった瞬間のUNIXタイムスタンプ upload_date (string) 動画のアップロード日(YYYYMMDD) uploader_id (string) 動画アップローダーのニックネームまたはID channel (string) 動画がアップロードされているチャンネルの完全な名前 channel_id (string) チャンネルのID location (string) ビデオが撮影された物理的な場所 duration (numeric) 秒単位のビデオの長さ view_count (numeric) プラットフォームでどれだけのユーザーがビデオを視聴したか like_count (numeric) 動画の肯定的な評価の数 dislike_count (numeric) 動画の否定的な評価の数 repost_count (numeric) ビデオの再投稿の数 average_rating (numeric) ユーザーによる平均評価で、使用される尺度はWebページによる comment_count (numeric) 動画のコメント数 age_limit (numeric) 動画の年齢制限 (年) is_live (boolean) このビデオがライブストリームか固定長ビデオかどうか start_time (numeric) URLで指定されている、再生を開始する時間(秒) end_time (numeric) URLで指定されている、再生を終了する時間(秒) format (string) 形式の人間が読める説明 format_id (string) --format で指定されたフォーマットコード format_note (string) フォーマットに関する追加情報 width (numeric) ビデオの幅 height (numeric) ビデオの高さ resolution (string) 幅と高さのテキストによる説明 tbr (numeric) オーディオとビデオの平均ビットレート (KBit/s) abr (numeric) 平均オーディオビットレート (KBit/s) acodec (string) 使用中のオーディオコーデックの名前 asr (numeric) オーディオサンプリングレート (ヘルツ) vbr (numeric) 平均ビデオビットレート (KBit/s) fps (numeric) フレームレート vcodec (string) 使用中のビデオコーデックの名前 container (string) コンテナ形式の名前 filesize (numeric) 事前にわかっている場合、バイト数 filesize_approx (numeric) バイト数の見積もり protocol (string) 実際のダウンロードに使用されるだろうプロトコル extractor (string) 抽出機能の名前 extractor_key (string) 抽出機能のキー名 epoch (numeric) ファイル作成時のUnixエポック autonumber (numeric) 0から始まり、ダウンロードごとに増える5桁の数字 playlist (string) 動画を含むプレイリストの名前またはID playlist_index (numeric) プレイリストの全長に応じて先行ゼロで詰められたプレイリスト内のビデオのインデックス playlist_id (string) プレイリスト識別子 playlist_title (string) プレイリストのタイトル playlist_uploader (string) プレイリストアップローダーのフルネーム playlist_uploader_id (string) プレイリストアップローダーのニックネームまたはID Available for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section chapter (string) Name or title of the chapter the video belongs to chapter_number (numeric) Number of the chapter the video belongs to chapter_id (string) Id of the chapter the video belongs to Available for the video that is an episode of some series or programme series (string) Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to season (string) Title of the season the video episode belongs to season_number (numeric) Number of the season the video episode belongs to season_id (string) Id of the season the video episode belongs to episode (string) Title of the video episode episode_number (numeric) Number of the video episode within a season episode_id (string) Id of the video episode Available for the media that is a track or a part of a music album track (string) Title of the track track_number (numeric) Number of the track within an album or a disc track_id (string) Id of the track artist (string) Artist(s) of the track genre (string) Genre(s) of the track album (string) Title of the album the track belongs to album_type (string) Type of the album album_artist (string) List of all artists appeared on the album disc_number (numeric) Number of the disc or other physical medium the track belongs to release_year (numeric) Year (YYYY) when the album was released Each aforementioned sequence when referenced in an output template will be replaced by the actual value corresponding to the sequence name. Note that some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present since they depend on the metadata obtained by a particular extractor. Such sequences will be replaced with NA. For example for -o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s and an mp4 video with title youtube-dl test video and id BaW_jenozKcj, this will result in a youtube-dl test video-BaW_jenozKcj.mp4 file created in the current directory. For numeric sequences you can use numeric related formatting, for example, %(view_count)05d will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in 00042. Output templates can also contain arbitrary hierarchical path, e.g. -o %(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s which will result in downloading each video in a directory corresponding to this path template. Any missing directory will be automatically created for you. To use percent literals in an output template use %%. To output to stdout use -o -. The current default template is %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s. In some cases, you don t want special characters such as 中, spaces, or , such as when transferring the downloaded filename to a Windows system or the filename through an 8bit-unsafe channel. In these cases, add the --restrict-filenames flag to get a shorter title Output template and Windows batch files If you are using an output template inside a Windows batch file then you must escape plain percent characters (%) by doubling, so that -o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s should become -o %%(title)s-%%(id)s.%%(ext)s . However you should not touch % s that are not plain characters, e.g. environment variables for expansion should stay intact -o C \%HOMEPATH%\Desktop\%%(title)s.%%(ext)s . Output template examples Note that on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of single. $ youtube-dl --get-filename -o %(title)s.%(ext)s BaW_jenozKc youtube-dl test video _ä↭𝕐.mp4 # All kinds of weird characters $ youtube-dl --get-filename -o %(title)s.%(ext)s BaW_jenozKc --restrict-filenames youtube-dl_test_video_.mp4 # A simple file name # Download YouTube playlist videos in separate directory indexed by video order in a playlist $ youtube-dl -o %(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s https //www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re # Download all playlists of YouTube channel/user keeping each playlist in separate directory $ youtube-dl -o %(uploader)s/%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s https //www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists # Download Udemy course keeping each chapter in separate directory under MyVideos directory in your home $ youtube-dl -u user -p password -o ~/MyVideos/%(playlist)s/%(chapter_number)s - %(chapter)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s https //www.udemy.com/java-tutorial/ # Download entire series season keeping each series and each season in separate directory under C /MyVideos $ youtube-dl -o C /MyVideos/%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episode_number)s - %(episode)s.%(ext)s https //videomore.ru/kino_v_detalayah/5_sezon/367617 # Stream the video being downloaded to stdout $ youtube-dl -o - BaW_jenozKc FORMAT SELECTION By default youtube-dl tries to download the best available quality, i.e. if you want the best quality you don t need to pass any special options, youtube-dl will guess it for you by default. But sometimes you may want to download in a different format, for example when you are on a slow or intermittent connection. The key mechanism for achieving this is so-called format selection based on which you can explicitly specify desired format, select formats based on some criterion or criteria, setup precedence and much more. The general syntax for format selection is --format FORMAT or shorter -f FORMAT where FORMAT is a selector expression, i.e. an expression that describes format or formats you would like to download. tl;dr navigate me to examples. 最も単純なケースは、特定のフォーマットを要求すること、たとえば -f 22 はフォーマットコードが22に等しいフォーマットをダウンロードできます。 --list-formats または -F を使用して、特定のビデオで利用可能なフォーマットコードのリストを取得できます。 これらのフォーマットコードは抽出機能固有であることに注意してください。 You can also use a file extension (currently 3gp, aac, flv, m4a, mp3, mp4, ogg, wav, webm are supported) to download the best quality format of a particular file extension served as a single file, e.g. -f webm will download the best quality format with the webm extension served as a single file. You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats best Select the best quality format represented by a single file with video and audio. worst Select the worst quality format represented by a single file with video and audio. bestvideo Select the best quality video-only format (e.g. DASH video). May not be available. worstvideo Select the worst quality video-only format. May not be available. bestaudio Select the best quality audio only-format. May not be available. worstaudio Select the worst quality audio only-format. May not be available. For example, to download the worst quality video-only format you can use -f worstvideo. If you want to download multiple videos and they don t have the same formats available, you can specify the order of preference using slashes. Note that slash is left-associative, i.e. formats on the left hand side are preferred, for example -f 22/17/18 will download format 22 if it s available, otherwise it will download format 17 if it s available, otherwise it will download format 18 if it s available, otherwise it will complain that no suitable formats are available for download. If you want to download several formats of the same video use a comma as a separator, e.g. -f 22,17,18 will download all these three formats, of course if they are available. Or a more sophisticated example combined with the precedence feature -f 136/137/mp4/bestvideo,140/m4a/bestaudio. You can also filter the video formats by putting a condition in brackets, as in -f best[height=720] (or -f [filesize 10M] ). The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons , =, , =, = (equals), != (not equals) filesize The number of bytes, if known in advance width Width of the video, if known height Height of the video, if known tbr Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s abr Average audio bitrate in KBit/s vbr Average video bitrate in KBit/s asr Audio sampling rate in Hertz fps Frame rate Also filtering work for comparisons = (equals), ^= (starts with), $= (ends with), *= (contains) and following string meta fields ext File extension acodec Name of the audio codec in use vcodec Name of the video codec in use container Name of the container format protocol The protocol that will be used for the actual download, lower-case (http, https, rtsp, rtmp, rtmpe, mms, f4m, ism, http_dash_segments, m3u8, or m3u8_native) format_id A short description of the format Any string comparison may be prefixed with negation ! in order to produce an opposite comparison, e.g. !*= (does not contain). Note that none of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the video hoster. Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (?) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so -f [height =? 720][tbr 500] selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s. You can merge the video and audio of two formats into a single file using -f video-format + audio-format (requires ffmpeg or avconv installed), for example -f bestvideo+bestaudio will download the best video-only format, the best audio-only format and mux them together with ffmpeg/avconv. Format selectors can also be grouped using parentheses, for example if you want to download the best mp4 and webm formats with a height lower than 480 you can use -f (mp4,webm)[height 480] . Since the end of April 2015 and version 2015.04.26, youtube-dl uses -f bestvideo+bestaudio/best as the default format selection (see #5447, #5456). If ffmpeg or avconv are installed this results in downloading bestvideo and bestaudio separately and muxing them together into a single file giving the best overall quality available. Otherwise it falls back to best and results in downloading the best available quality served as a single file. best is also needed for videos that don t come from YouTube because they don t provide the audio and video in two different files. If you want to only download some DASH formats (for example if you are not interested in getting videos with a resolution higher than 1080p), you can add -f bestvideo[height =?1080]+bestaudio/best to your configuration file. Note that if you use youtube-dl to stream to stdout (and most likely to pipe it to your media player then), i.e. you explicitly specify output template as -o -, youtube-dl still uses -f best format selection in order to start content delivery immediately to your player and not to wait until bestvideo and bestaudio are downloaded and muxed. If you want to preserve the old format selection behavior (prior to youtube-dl 2015.04.26), i.e. you want to download the best available quality media served as a single file, you should explicitly specify your choice with -f best. You may want to add it to the configuration file in order not to type it every time you run youtube-dl. Format selection examples Note that on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of single. # Download best mp4 format available or any other best if no mp4 available $ youtube-dl -f bestvideo[ext=mp4]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/best[ext=mp4]/best # Download best format available but no better than 480p $ youtube-dl -f bestvideo[height =480]+bestaudio/best[height =480] # Download best video only format but no bigger than 50 MB $ youtube-dl -f best[filesize 50M] # Download best format available via direct link over HTTP/HTTPS protocol $ youtube-dl -f (bestvideo+bestaudio/best)[protocol^=http] # Download the best video format and the best audio format without merging them $ youtube-dl -f bestvideo,bestaudio -o %(title)s.f%(format_id)s.%(ext)s Note that in the last example, an output template is recommended as bestvideo and bestaudio may have the same file name. VIDEO SELECTION Videos can be filtered by their upload date using the options --date, --datebefore or --dateafter. They accept dates in two formats Absolute dates Dates in the format YYYYMMDD. Relative dates Dates in the format (now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)? Examples # Download only the videos uploaded in the last 6 months $ youtube-dl --dateafter now-6months # Download only the videos uploaded on January 1, 1970 $ youtube-dl --date 19700101 $ # Download only the videos uploaded in the 200x decade $ youtube-dl --dateafter 20000101 --datebefore 20091231 FAQ How do I update youtube-dl? If you ve followed our manual installation instructions, you can simply run youtube-dl -U (or, on Linux, sudo youtube-dl -U). If you have used pip, a simple sudo pip install -U youtube-dl is sufficient to update. If you have installed youtube-dl using a package manager like apt-get or yum, use the standard system update mechanism to update. Note that distribution packages are often outdated. As a rule of thumb, youtube-dl releases at least once a month, and often weekly or even daily. Simply go to https //yt-dl.org to find out the current version. Unfortunately, there is nothing we youtube-dl developers can do if your distribution serves a really outdated version. You can (and should) complain to your distribution in their bugtracker or support forum. As a last resort, you can also uninstall the version installed by your package manager and follow our manual installation instructions. For that, remove the distribution s package, with a line like sudo apt-get remove -y youtube-dl Afterwards, simply follow our manual installation instructions sudo wget https //yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl hash -r Again, from then on you ll be able to update with sudo youtube-dl -U. youtube-dl is extremely slow to start on Windows Add a file exclusion for youtube-dl.exe in Windows Defender settings. I m getting an error Unable to extract OpenGraph title on YouTube playlists YouTube changed their playlist format in March 2014 and later on, so you ll need at least youtube-dl 2014.07.25 to download all YouTube videos. If you have installed youtube-dl with a package manager, pip, setup.py or a tarball, please use that to update. Note that Ubuntu packages do not seem to get updated anymore. Since we are not affiliated with Ubuntu, there is little we can do. Feel free to report bugs to the Ubuntu packaging people - all they have to do is update the package to a somewhat recent version. See above for a way to update. I m getting an error when trying to use output template error using output template conflicts with using title, video ID or auto number Make sure you are not using -o with any of these options -t, --title, --id, -A or --auto-number set in command line or in a configuration file. Remove the latter if any. Do I always have to pass -citw? By default, youtube-dl intends to have the best options (incidentally, if you have a convincing case that these should be different, please file an issue where you explain that). Therefore, it is unnecessary and sometimes harmful to copy long option strings from webpages. In particular, the only option out of -citw that is regularly useful is -i. Can you please put the -b option back? Most people asking this question are not aware that youtube-dl now defaults to downloading the highest available quality as reported by YouTube, which will be 1080p or 720p in some cases, so you no longer need the -b option. For some specific videos, maybe YouTube does not report them to be available in a specific high quality format you re interested in. In that case, simply request it with the -f option and youtube-dl will try to download it. I get HTTP error 402 when trying to download a video. What s this? Apparently YouTube requires you to pass a CAPTCHA test if you download too much. We re considering to provide a way to let you solve the CAPTCHA, but at the moment, your best course of action is pointing a web browser to the youtube URL, solving the CAPTCHA, and restart youtube-dl. Do I need any other programs? youtube-dl works fine on its own on most sites. However, if you want to convert video/audio, you ll need avconv or ffmpeg. On some sites - most notably YouTube - videos can be retrieved in a higher quality format without sound. youtube-dl will detect whether avconv/ffmpeg is present and automatically pick the best option. Videos or video formats streamed via RTMP protocol can only be downloaded when rtmpdump is installed. Downloading MMS and RTSP videos requires either mplayer or mpv to be installed. I have downloaded a video but how can I play it? Once the video is fully downloaded, use any video player, such as mpv, vlc or mplayer. I extracted a video URL with -g, but it does not play on another machine / in my web browser. It depends a lot on the service. In many cases, requests for the video (to download/play it) must come from the same IP address and with the same cookies and/or HTTP headers. Use the --cookies option to write the required cookies into a file, and advise your downloader to read cookies from that file. Some sites also require a common user agent to be used, use --dump-user-agent to see the one in use by youtube-dl. You can also get necessary cookies and HTTP headers from JSON output obtained with --dump-json. It may be beneficial to use IPv6; in some cases, the restrictions are only applied to IPv4. Some services (sometimes only for a subset of videos) do not restrict the video URL by IP address, cookie, or user-agent, but these are the exception rather than the rule. Please bear in mind that some URL protocols are not supported by browsers out of the box, including RTMP. If you are using -g, your own downloader must support these as well. If you want to play the video on a machine that is not running youtube-dl, you can relay the video content from the machine that runs youtube-dl. You can use -o - to let youtube-dl stream a video to stdout, or simply allow the player to download the files written by youtube-dl in turn. ERROR no fmt_url_map or conn information found in video info YouTube has switched to a new video info format in July 2011 which is not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. See above for how to update youtube-dl. ERROR unable to download video YouTube requires an additional signature since September 2012 which is not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. See above for how to update youtube-dl. Video URL contains an ampersand and I m getting some strange output [1] 2839 or v is not recognized as an internal or external command That s actually the output from your shell. Since ampersand is one of the special shell characters it s interpreted by the shell preventing you from passing the whole URL to youtube-dl. To disable your shell from interpreting the ampersands (or any other special characters) you have to either put the whole URL in quotes or escape them with a backslash (which approach will work depends on your shell). For example if your URL is https //www.youtube.com/watch?t=4 v=BaW_jenozKc you should end up with following command youtube-dl https //www.youtube.com/watch?t=4 v=BaW_jenozKc or youtube-dl https //www.youtube.com/watch?t=4\ v=BaW_jenozKc For Windows you have to use the double quotes youtube-dl https //www.youtube.com/watch?t=4 v=BaW_jenozKc ExtractorError Could not find JS function u OF In February 2015, the new YouTube player contained a character sequence in a string that was misinterpreted by old versions of youtube-dl. See above for how to update youtube-dl. HTTP Error 429 Too Many Requests or 402 Payment Required These two error codes indicate that the service is blocking your IP address because of overuse. Usually this is a soft block meaning that you can gain access again after solving CAPTCHA. Just open a browser and solve a CAPTCHA the service suggests you and after that pass cookies to youtube-dl. Note that if your machine has multiple external IPs then you should also pass exactly the same IP you ve used for solving CAPTCHA with --source-address. Also you may need to pass a User-Agent HTTP header of your browser with --user-agent. If this is not the case (no CAPTCHA suggested to solve by the service) then you can contact the service and ask them to unblock your IP address, or - if you have acquired a whitelisted IP address already - use the --proxy or --source-address options to select another IP address. SyntaxError Non-ASCII character The error File youtube-dl , line 2 SyntaxError Non-ASCII character \x93 ... means you re using an outdated version of Python. Please update to Python 2.6 or 2.7. What is this binary file? Where has the code gone? Since June 2012 (#342) youtube-dl is packed as an executable zipfile, simply unzip it (might need renaming to youtube-dl.zip first on some systems) or clone the git repository, as laid out above. If you modify the code, you can run it by executing the __main__.py file. To recompile the executable, run make youtube-dl. The exe throws an error due to missing MSVCR100.dll To run the exe you need to install first the Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package (x86). On Windows, how should I set up ffmpeg and youtube-dl? Where should I put the exe files? If you put youtube-dl and ffmpeg in the same directory that you re running the command from, it will work, but that s rather cumbersome. To make a different directory work - either for ffmpeg, or for youtube-dl, or for both - simply create the directory (say, C \bin, or C \Users\ User name \bin), put all the executables directly in there, and then set your PATH environment variable to include that directory. From then on, after restarting your shell, you will be able to access both youtube-dl and ffmpeg (and youtube-dl will be able to find ffmpeg) by simply typing youtube-dl or ffmpeg, no matter what directory you re in. How do I put downloads into a specific folder? Use the -o to specify an output template, for example -o /home/user/videos/%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s . If you want this for all of your downloads, put the option into your configuration file. How do I download a video starting with a -? Either prepend https //www.youtube.com/watch?v= or separate the ID from the options with -- youtube-dl -- -wNyEUrxzFU youtube-dl https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wNyEUrxzFU How do I pass cookies to youtube-dl? Use the --cookies option, for example --cookies /path/to/cookies/file.txt. In order to extract cookies from browser use any conforming browser extension for exporting cookies. For example, cookies.txt (for Chrome) or cookies.txt (for Firefox). Note that the cookies file must be in Mozilla/Netscape format and the first line of the cookies file must be either # HTTP Cookie File or # Netscape HTTP Cookie File. Make sure you have correct newline format in the cookies file and convert newlines if necessary to correspond with your OS, namely CRLF (\r\n) for Windows and LF (\n) for Unix and Unix-like systems (Linux, macOS, etc.). HTTP Error 400 Bad Request when using --cookies is a good sign of invalid newline format. Passing cookies to youtube-dl is a good way to workaround login when a particular extractor does not implement it explicitly. Another use case is working around CAPTCHA some websites require you to solve in particular cases in order to get access (e.g. YouTube, CloudFlare). How do I stream directly to media player? You will first need to tell youtube-dl to stream media to stdout with -o -, and also tell your media player to read from stdin (it must be capable of this for streaming) and then pipe former to latter. For example, streaming to vlc can be achieved with youtube-dl -o - https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj | vlc - How do I download only new videos from a playlist? Use download-archive feature. With this feature you should initially download the complete playlist with --download-archive /path/to/download/archive/file.txt that will record identifiers of all the videos in a special file. Each subsequent run with the same --download-archive will download only new videos and skip all videos that have been downloaded before. Note that only successful downloads are recorded in the file. For example, at first, youtube-dl --download-archive archive.txt https //www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re will download the complete PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re playlist and create a file archive.txt. Each subsequent run will only download new videos if any youtube-dl --download-archive archive.txt https //www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re Should I add --hls-prefer-native into my config? When youtube-dl detects an HLS video, it can download it either with the built-in downloader or ffmpeg. Since many HLS streams are slightly invalid and ffmpeg/youtube-dl each handle some invalid cases better than the other, there is an option to switch the downloader if needed. When youtube-dl knows that one particular downloader works better for a given website, that downloader will be picked. Otherwise, youtube-dl will pick the best downloader for general compatibility, which at the moment happens to be ffmpeg. This choice may change in future versions of youtube-dl, with improvements of the built-in downloader and/or ffmpeg. In particular, the generic extractor (used when your website is not in the list of supported sites by youtube-dl cannot mandate one specific downloader. If you put either --hls-prefer-native or --hls-prefer-ffmpeg into your configuration, a different subset of videos will fail to download correctly. Instead, it is much better to file an issue or a pull request which details why the native or the ffmpeg HLS downloader is a better choice for your use case. Can you add support for this anime video site, or site which shows current movies for free? As a matter of policy (as well as legality), youtube-dl does not include support for services that specialize in infringing copyright. As a rule of thumb, if you cannot easily find a video that the service is quite obviously allowed to distribute (i.e. that has been uploaded by the creator, the creator s distributor, or is published under a free license), the service is probably unfit for inclusion to youtube-dl. A note on the service that they don t host the infringing content, but just link to those who do, is evidence that the service should not be included into youtube-dl. The same goes for any DMCA note when the whole front page of the service is filled with videos they are not allowed to distribute. A "fair use" note is equally unconvincing if the service shows copyright-protected videos in full without authorization. Support requests for services that do purchase the rights to distribute their content are perfectly fine though. If in doubt, you can simply include a source that mentions the legitimate purchase of content. How can I speed up work on my issue? (Also known as Help, my important issue not being solved!) The youtube-dl core developer team is quite small. While we do our best to solve as many issues as possible, sometimes that can take quite a while. To speed up your issue, here s what you can do First of all, please do report the issue at our issue tracker. That allows us to coordinate all efforts by users and developers, and serves as a unified point. Unfortunately, the youtube-dl project has grown too large to use personal email as an effective communication channel. Please read the bug reporting instructions below. A lot of bugs lack all the necessary information. If you can, offer proxy, VPN, or shell access to the youtube-dl developers. If you are able to, test the issue from multiple computers in multiple countries to exclude local censorship or misconfiguration issues. If nobody is interested in solving your issue, you are welcome to take matters into your own hands and submit a pull request (or coerce/pay somebody else to do so). Feel free to bump the issue from time to time by writing a small comment ("Issue is still present in youtube-dl version ...from France, but fixed from Belgium"), but please not more than once a month. Please do not declare your issue as important or urgent. How can I detect whether a given URL is supported by youtube-dl? For one, have a look at the list of supported sites. Note that it can sometimes happen that the site changes its URL scheme (say, from https //example.com/video/1234567 to https //example.com/v/1234567 ) and youtube-dl reports an URL of a service in that list as unsupported. In that case, simply report a bug. It is not possible to detect whether a URL is supported or not. That s because youtube-dl contains a generic extractor which matches all URLs. You may be tempted to disable, exclude, or remove the generic extractor, but the generic extractor not only allows users to extract videos from lots of websites that embed a video from another service, but may also be used to extract video from a service that it s hosting itself. Therefore, we neither recommend nor support disabling, excluding, or removing the generic extractor. If you want to find out whether a given URL is supported, simply call youtube-dl with it. If you get no videos back, chances are the URL is either not referring to a video or unsupported. You can find out which by examining the output (if you run youtube-dl on the console) or catching an UnsupportedError exception if you run it from a Python program. Why do I need to go through that much red tape when filing bugs? Before we had the issue template, despite our extensive bug reporting instructions, about 80% of the issue reports we got were useless, for instance because people used ancient versions hundreds of releases old, because of simple syntactic errors (not in youtube-dl but in general shell usage), because the problem was already reported multiple times before, because people did not actually read an error message, even if it said "please install ffmpeg", because people did not mention the URL they were trying to download and many more simple, easy-to-avoid problems, many of whom were totally unrelated to youtube-dl. youtube-dl is an open-source project manned by too few volunteers, so we d rather spend time fixing bugs where we are certain none of those simple problems apply, and where we can be reasonably confident to be able to reproduce the issue without asking the reporter repeatedly. As such, the output of youtube-dl -v YOUR_URL_HERE is really all that s required to file an issue. The issue template also guides you through some basic steps you can do, such as checking that your version of youtube-dl is current. DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS Most users do not need to build youtube-dl and can download the builds or get them from their distribution. To run youtube-dl as a developer, you don t need to build anything either. Simply execute python -m youtube_dl To run the test, simply invoke your favorite test runner, or execute a test file directly; any of the following work python -m unittest discover python test/test_download.py nosetests See item 6 of new extractor tutorial for how to run extractor specific test cases. If you want to create a build of youtube-dl yourself, you ll need python make (only GNU make is supported) pandoc zip nosetests Adding support for a new site If you want to add support for a new site, first of all make sure this site is not dedicated to copyright infringement. youtube-dl does not support such sites thus pull requests adding support for them will be rejected. After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can follow this quick list (assuming your service is called yourextractor) このリポジトリをフォークする ソースコードをチェックアウトする git clone git@github.com YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/youtube-dl.git 新しいgitブランチを開始する cd youtube-dl git checkout -b yourextractor この単純なテンプレートから始めて、それを youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py に保存します # coding utf-8 from __future__ import unicode_literals from .common import InfoExtractor class YourExtractorIE(InfoExtractor) _VALID_URL = r https? //(? www\.)?yourextractor\.com/watch/(?P id [0-9]+) _TEST = { url https //yourextractor.com/watch/42 , md5 TODO md5 sum of the first 10241 bytes of the video file (use --test) , info_dict { id 42 , ext mp4 , title Video title goes here , thumbnail r re ^https? //.*\.jpg$ , # TODO more properties, either as # * A value # * MD5 checksum; start the string with md5 # * A regular expression; start the string with re # * Any Python type (for example int or float) } } def _real_extract(self, url) video_id = self._match_id(url) webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id) # TODO more code goes here, for example ... title = self._html_search_regex(r h1 (.+?) /h1 , webpage, title ) return { id video_id, title title, description self._og_search_description(webpage), uploader self._search_regex(r div[^ ]+id= uploader [^ ]* ([^ ]+) , webpage, uploader , fatal=False), # TODO more properties (see youtube_dl/extractor/common.py) } youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py にインポートを追加します. python test/test_download.py TestDownload.test_YourExtractor を実行します。 これは最初は失敗するはずですが、完了するまで継続的に再実行できます。 複数のテストを追加する場合は、_TEST の名前を _TESTS に変更して、辞書のリストにします。 その後、テストには TestDownload.test_YourExtractor, TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_1, TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_2 などの名前が付けられます。 テストのdictに only_matching キーを使用したテストはカウントされないことに注意してください。 可能なヘルパーメソッドと、エクストラクターが返す必要があるものと返す可能性のあるものの詳細な説明については、youtube_dl/extractor/common.py をご覧ください。 必要な数のテストとコードを追加します。 コードがyoutube-dl コーディング規則に従っていることを確認し、flake8でコードを確認してください $ flake8 youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py Make sure your code works under all Python versions claimed supported by youtube-dl, namely 2.6, 2.7, and 3.2+. When the tests pass, add the new files and commit them and push the result, like this $ git add youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py $ git add youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py $ git commit -m [yourextractor] Add new extractor $ git push origin yourextractor Finally, create a pull request. We ll then review and merge it. In any case, thank you very much for your contributions! youtube-dl coding conventions This section introduces a guide lines for writing idiomatic, robust and future-proof extractor code. Extractors are very fragile by nature since they depend on the layout of the source data provided by 3rd party media hosters out of your control and this layout tends to change. As an extractor implementer your task is not only to write code that will extract media links and metadata correctly but also to minimize dependency on the source s layout and even to make the code foresee potential future changes and be ready for that. This is important because it will allow the extractor not to break on minor layout changes thus keeping old youtube-dl versions working. Even though this breakage issue is easily fixed by emitting a new version of youtube-dl with a fix incorporated, all the previous versions become broken in all repositories and distros packages that may not be so prompt in fetching the update from us. Needless to say, some non rolling release distros may never receive an update at all. Mandatory and optional metafields For extraction to work youtube-dl relies on metadata your extractor extracts and provides to youtube-dl expressed by an information dictionary or simply info dict. Only the following meta fields in the info dict are considered mandatory for a successful extraction process by youtube-dl id (media identifier) title (media title) url (media download URL) or formats In fact only the last option is technically mandatory (i.e. if you can t figure out the download location of the media the extraction does not make any sense). But by convention youtube-dl also treats id and title as mandatory. Thus the aforementioned metafields are the critical data that the extraction does not make any sense without and if any of them fail to be extracted then the extractor is considered completely broken. Any field apart from the aforementioned ones are considered optional. That means that extraction should be tolerant to situations when sources for these fields can potentially be unavailable (even if they are always available at the moment) and future-proof in order not to break the extraction of general purpose mandatory fields. Example Say you have some source dictionary meta that you ve fetched as JSON with HTTP request and it has a key summary meta = self._download_json(url, video_id) Assume at this point meta s layout is { ... summary some fancy summary text , ... } Assume you want to extract summary and put it into the resulting info dict as description. Since description is an optional meta field you should be ready that this key may be missing from the meta dict, so that you should extract it like description = meta.get( summary ) # correct and not like description = meta[ summary ] # incorrect The latter will break extraction process with KeyError if summary disappears from meta at some later time but with the former approach extraction will just go ahead with description set to None which is perfectly fine (remember None is equivalent to the absence of data). Similarly, you should pass fatal=False when extracting optional data from a webpage with _search_regex, _html_search_regex or similar methods, for instance description = self._search_regex( r span[^ ]+id= title [^ ]* ([^ ]+) , webpage, description , fatal=False) With fatal set to False if _search_regex fails to extract description it will emit a warning and continue extraction. You can also pass default= some fallback value , for example description = self._search_regex( r span[^ ]+id= title [^ ]* ([^ ]+) , webpage, description , default=None) On failure this code will silently continue the extraction with description set to None. That is useful for metafields that may or may not be present. Provide fallbacks When extracting metadata try to do so from multiple sources. For example if title is present in several places, try extracting from at least some of them. This makes it more future-proof in case some of the sources become unavailable. Example Say meta from the previous example has a title and you are about to extract it. Since title is a mandatory meta field you should end up with something like title = meta[ title ] If title disappears from meta in future due to some changes on the hoster s side the extraction would fail since title is mandatory. That s expected. Assume that you have some another source you can extract title from, for example og title HTML meta of a webpage. In this case you can provide a fallback scenario title = meta.get( title ) or self._og_search_title(webpage) This code will try to extract from meta first and if it fails it will try extracting og title from a webpage. Regular expressions Don t capture groups you don t use Capturing group must be an indication that it s used somewhere in the code. Any group that is not used must be non capturing. Example Don t capture id attribute name here since you can t use it for anything anyway. Correct r (? id|ID)=(?P id \d+) Incorrect r (id|ID)=(?P id \d+) Make regular expressions relaxed and flexible When using regular expressions try to write them fuzzy, relaxed and flexible, skipping insignificant parts that are more likely to change, allowing both single and double quotes for quoted values and so on. Example Say you need to extract title from the following HTML code span style= position absolute; left 910px; width 90px; float right; z-index 9999; class= title some fancy title /span The code for that task should look similar to title = self._search_regex( r span[^ ]+class= title [^ ]* ([^ ]+) , webpage, title ) Or even better title = self._search_regex( r span[^ ]+class=([ \ ])title\1[^ ]* (?P title [^ ]+) , webpage, title , group= title ) Note how you tolerate potential changes in the style attribute s value or switch from using double quotes to single for class attribute The code definitely should not look like title = self._search_regex( r span style= position absolute; left 910px; width 90px; float right; z-index 9999; class= title (.*?) /span , webpage, title , group= title ) Long lines policy There is a soft limit to keep lines of code under 80 characters long. This means it should be respected if possible and if it does not make readability and code maintenance worse. For example, you should never split long string literals like URLs or some other often copied entities over multiple lines to fit this limit Correct https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4 Incorrect https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw list= PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4 Inline values Extracting variables is acceptable for reducing code duplication and improving readability of complex expressions. However, you should avoid extracting variables used only once and moving them to opposite parts of the extractor file, which makes reading the linear flow difficult. Example Correct title = self._html_search_regex(r title ([^ ]+) /title , webpage, title ) Incorrect TITLE_RE = r title ([^ ]+) /title # ...some lines of code... title = self._html_search_regex(TITLE_RE, webpage, title ) Collapse fallbacks Multiple fallback values can quickly become unwieldy. Collapse multiple fallback values into a single expression via a list of patterns. Example Good description = self._html_search_meta( [ og description , description , twitter description ], webpage, description , default=None) Unwieldy description = ( self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None) or self._html_search_meta( description , webpage, default=None) or self._html_search_meta( twitter description , webpage, default=None)) Methods supporting list of patterns are _search_regex, _html_search_regex, _og_search_property, _html_search_meta. Trailing parentheses Always move trailing parentheses after the last argument. Example Correct lambda x x[ ResultSet ][ Result ][0][ VideoUrlSet ][ VideoUrl ], list) Incorrect lambda x x[ ResultSet ][ Result ][0][ VideoUrlSet ][ VideoUrl ], list, ) Use convenience conversion and parsing functions Wrap all extracted numeric data into safe functions from youtube_dl/utils.py int_or_none, float_or_none. Use them for string to number conversions as well. Use url_or_none for safe URL processing. Use try_get for safe metadata extraction from parsed JSON. Use unified_strdate for uniform upload_date or any YYYYMMDD meta field extraction, unified_timestamp for uniform timestamp extraction, parse_filesize for filesize extraction, parse_count for count meta fields extraction, parse_resolution, parse_duration for duration extraction, parse_age_limit for age_limit extraction. Explore youtube_dl/utils.py for more useful convenience functions. More examples Safely extract optional description from parsed JSON description = try_get(response, lambda x x[ result ][ video ][0][ summary ], compat_str) Safely extract more optional metadata video = try_get(response, lambda x x[ result ][ video ][0], dict) or {} description = video.get( summary ) duration = float_or_none(video.get( durationMs ), scale=1000) view_count = int_or_none(video.get( views )) EMBEDDING YOUTUBE-DL youtube-dl makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and thus should be callable from any programming language. If you encounter any problems parsing its output, feel free to create a report. From a Python program, you can embed youtube-dl in a more powerful fashion, like this from __future__ import unicode_literals import youtube_dl ydl_opts = {} with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl ydl.download([ https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc ]) Most likely, you ll want to use various options. For a list of options available, have a look at youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py. For a start, if you want to intercept youtube-dl s output, set a logger object. Here s a more complete example of a program that outputs only errors (and a short message after the download is finished), and downloads/converts the video to an mp3 file from __future__ import unicode_literals import youtube_dl class MyLogger(object) def debug(self, msg) pass def warning(self, msg) pass def error(self, msg) print(msg) def my_hook(d) if d[ status ] == finished print( Done downloading, now converting ... ) ydl_opts = { format bestaudio/best , postprocessors [{ key FFmpegExtractAudio , preferredcodec mp3 , preferredquality 192 , }], logger MyLogger(), progress_hooks [my_hook], } with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl ydl.download([ https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc ]) BUGS Bugs and suggestions should be reported at https //github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues. Unless you were prompted to or there is another pertinent reason (e.g. GitHub fails to accept the bug report), please do not send bug reports via personal email. For discussions, join us in the IRC channel #youtube-dl on freenode (webchat). Please include the full output of youtube-dl when run with -v, i.e. add -v flag to your command line, copy the whole output and post it in the issue body wrapped in ``` for better formatting. It should look similar to this $ youtube-dl -v your command line [debug] System config [] [debug] User config [] [debug] Command-line args [u -v , u https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj ] [debug] Encodings locale cp1251, fs mbcs, out cp866, pref cp1251 [debug] youtube-dl version 2015.12.06 [debug] Git HEAD 135392e [debug] Python version 2.6.6 - Windows-2003Server-5.2.3790-SP2 [debug] exe versions ffmpeg N-75573-g1d0487f, ffprobe N-75573-g1d0487f, rtmpdump 2.4 [debug] Proxy map {} ... Do not post screenshots of verbose logs; only plain text is acceptable. The output (including the first lines) contains important debugging information. Issues without the full output are often not reproducible and therefore do not get solved in short order, if ever. Please re-read your issue once again to avoid a couple of common mistakes (you can and should use this as a checklist) Is the description of the issue itself sufficient? We often get issue reports that we cannot really decipher. While in most cases we eventually get the required information after asking back multiple times, this poses an unnecessary drain on our resources. Many contributors, including myself, are also not native speakers, so we may misread some parts. So please elaborate on what feature you are requesting, or what bug you want to be fixed. Make sure that it s obvious What the problem is How it could be fixed How your proposed solution would look like If your report is shorter than two lines, it is almost certainly missing some of these, which makes it hard for us to respond to it. We re often too polite to close the issue outright, but the missing info makes misinterpretation likely. As a committer myself, I often get frustrated by these issues, since the only possible way for me to move forward on them is to ask for clarification over and over. For bug reports, this means that your report should contain the complete output of youtube-dl when called with the -v flag. The error message you get for (most) bugs even says so, but you would not believe how many of our bug reports do not contain this information. If your server has multiple IPs or you suspect censorship, adding --call-home may be a good idea to get more diagnostics. If the error is ERROR Unable to extract ... and you cannot reproduce it from multiple countries, add --dump-pages (warning this will yield a rather large output, redirect it to the file log.txt by adding log.txt 2 1 to your command-line) or upload the .dump files you get when you add --write-pages somewhere. Site support requests must contain an example URL. An example URL is a URL you might want to download, like https //www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc. There should be an obvious video present. Except under very special circumstances, the main page of a video service (e.g. https //www.youtube.com/) is not an example URL. Are you using the latest version? Before reporting any issue, type youtube-dl -U. This should report that you re up-to-date. About 20% of the reports we receive are already fixed, but people are using outdated versions. This goes for feature requests as well. Is the issue already documented? Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue you re trying to open. Search at the top of the window or browse the GitHub Issues of this repository. If there is an issue, feel free to write something along the lines of "This affects me as well, with version 2015.01.01. Here is some more information on the issue ...". While some issues may be old, a new post into them often spurs rapid activity. Why are existing options not enough? Before requesting a new feature, please have a quick peek at the list of supported options. Many feature requests are for features that actually exist already! Please, absolutely do show off your work in the issue report and detail how the existing similar options do not solve your problem. Is there enough context in your bug report? People want to solve problems, and often think they do us a favor by breaking down their larger problems (e.g. wanting to skip already downloaded files) to a specific request (e.g. requesting us to look whether the file exists before downloading the info page). However, what often happens is that they break down the problem into two steps One simple, and one impossible (or extremely complicated one). We are then presented with a very complicated request when the original problem could be solved far easier, e.g. by recording the downloaded video IDs in a separate file. To avoid this, you must include the greater context where it is non-obvious. In particular, every feature request that does not consist of adding support for a new site should contain a use case scenario that explains in what situation the missing feature would be useful. Does the issue involve one problem, and one problem only? Some of our users seem to think there is a limit of issues they can or should open. There is no limit of issues they can or should open. While it may seem appealing to be able to dump all your issues into one ticket, that means that someone who solves one of your issues cannot mark the issue as closed. Typically, reporting a bunch of issues leads to the ticket lingering since nobody wants to attack that behemoth, until someone mercifully splits the issue into multiple ones. In particular, every site support request issue should only pertain to services at one site (generally under a common domain, but always using the same backend technology). Do not request support for vimeo user videos, White house podcasts, and Google Plus pages in the same issue. Also, make sure that you don t post bug reports alongside feature requests. As a rule of thumb, a feature request does not include outputs of youtube-dl that are not immediately related to the feature at hand. Do not post reports of a network error alongside the request for a new video service. Is anyone going to need the feature? Only post features that you (or an incapacitated friend you can personally talk to) require. Do not post features because they seem like a good idea. If they are really useful, they will be requested by someone who requires them. Is your question about youtube-dl? It may sound strange, but some bug reports we receive are completely unrelated to youtube-dl and relate to a different, or even the reporter s own, application. Please make sure that you are actually using youtube-dl. If you are using a UI for youtube-dl, report the bug to the maintainer of the actual application providing the UI. On the other hand, if your UI for youtube-dl fails in some way you believe is related to youtube-dl, by all means, go ahead and report the bug. COPYRIGHT youtube-dl is released into the public domain by the copyright holders. This README file was originally written by Daniel Bolton and is likewise released into the public domain.
https://w.atwiki.jp/tsukamaroeg/
one of the suspects About this site A thirteen years old boy died in Otsu Shiga-pri Japan last year. The boy s body found on a ground in a building where he and his family lived. He had been severely tortured several years in his school before his death. The authority has closed this case as suicide despite of witnesses. Recently a lot cover-ups have been found. Our aims are total disclosure and justice. This site needs your help to improve. English native check is most welcome. This page is basically translated from this original page. http //www48.atwiki.jp/tukamarosiga/ 編集制限はかけていないので誰でもページの追加・編集ができます （決して改ざんなどはしないこと）。 新しい情報を見つけた場合は、ページの追加・編集をお願いします。 What is happening? The whole city is trying to cover up this truly horrifying case. The suspects are sons of powerful figures in town. The victim’s father requested investigation three times at the local police but all refused. It is said one of the bully’s relative is an ex-high ranking police officer. Last few days netizens in Japan started self-investigations and found a lot cover-ups and terrible stories which media did not release. What did the suspects do to the victem? according to some questionnaire answers from other students after his death; suicide practice jumping from height, suicide practice by himself, make him eat a dead wasp , threatened to withdraw cash from his parent’s account and they used it, show him dead body pictures and asked him if he wants to be like this, forced to do shoplifting then threatened reporting this to the police, constantly assaulted, used sleeping drug and left him in a park naked, forced to do masturbation to ejaculation in naked, burnt his pubic hair using a lighter they call it “today’s hair cut”, put chili on his penis and laugh , pull down his pants and laugh, tortured in a group at a school athletic festival, urinate on his gym uniform and said to him “You stink”, put spit, sputum and trash in his launch, they pictured the act and enjoy watching, upload these pics on the net and let him know, forced to drink dirty water used to extinguish fireworks, duct taped on his mouth and tortured, tie him up on a chair and tortured, forced to eat paper There are many horrible stories even after his death. We ll up date this. Media 2012/July/08 【ABCNews】Kids and Laughing Teachers Bullied Suicide Teen http //abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2012/07/kids-and-laughing-teachers-bullied-suicide-teen/ 【Mainich】 http //mainichi.jp/english/english/perspectives/news/20120705p2a00m0na005000c.html
https://w.atwiki.jp/google/
table of contents/目次 What is Google? グーグルとはなんですか？ What is Google? Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, a search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. It is considered one of the Big Five companies in the American information technology industry, along with Amazon, Facebook, Apple, and Microsoft. Google was founded on September 4, 1998, by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University in California. Together they own about 14% of its publicly-listed shares and control 56% of the stockholder voting power through super-voting stock. The company went public via an initial public offering (IPO) in 2004. In 2015, Google was reorganized as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Alphabet Inc.. Google is Alphabet s largest subsidiary and is a holding company for Alphabet s Internet properties and interests. Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google on October 24, 2015, replacing Larry Page, who became the CEO of Alphabet. On December 3, 2019, Pichai also became the CEO of Alphabet. In 2021, the Alphabet Workers Union was founded, mainly composed of Google employees. The company s rapid growth since incorporation has included products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Google s core search engine, (Google Search). It offers services designed for work and productivity (Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides), email (Gmail), scheduling and time management (Google Calendar), cloud storage (Google Drive), instant messaging and video chat (Google Duo, Google Chat, and Google Meet), language translation (Google Translate), mapping and navigation (Google Maps, Waze, Google Earth, and Street View), podcast hosting (Google Podcasts), video sharing (YouTube), blog publishing (Blogger), note-taking (Google Keep and Jamboard), and photo organizing and editing (Google Photos). The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, the Google Chrome web browser, and Chrome OS (a lightweight, proprietary operating system based on the free and open-source Chromium OS operating system). Google has moved increasingly into hardware; from 2010 to 2015, it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its Google Nexus devices, and it released multiple hardware products in 2016, including the Google Pixel line of smartphones, Google Home smart speaker, Google Wifi mesh wireless router. Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier (Google Fiber and Google Fi). Google.com is the most visited website worldwide. Several other Google-owned websites also are on the list of most popular websites, including YouTube and Blogger. On the list of most valuable brands, Google is ranked second by Forbes and fourth by Interbrand.It has received significant criticism involving issues such as privacy concerns, tax avoidance, censorship, search neutrality, antitrust and abuse of its monopoly position. グーグルとはなんですか？ グーグルLLCは、オンライン広告技術、検索エンジン、クラウドコンピューティング、ソフトウェア、ハードウェアなど、インターネット関連サービスと製品を専門的に提供する米国の多国籍技術企業だ。 Amazon、Facebook、Apple、Microsoftと並ぶアメリカの情報技術業界のビッグファイブ企業の一つとされている。 グーグルは1998年9月4日、ラリー·ペイジとセルゲイ·ブリンがカリフォルニアスタンフォード大学の博士課程の学生時代に設立した。 上場株式の約14%を保有し、超議決権を通じて株主投票権の56%を掌握している。 同社は2004年に新規株式公開（IPO）を通じて株式を公開した。 2015年、グーグルはアルファベット社の完全子会社に再編された。 グーグルはアルファベットの最大子会社で、アルファベットのインターネット資産と持分を保有する持株会社だ。 スンダール·ピチャイは2015年10月24日、アルファベットのCEOになったラリー·ペイジに代わり、グーグルのCEOに任命された。 2019年12月3日、ピチャイもアルファベット代表取締役に就任した。 2021年、主にグーグルの職員で構成されたアルファベット労働組合が設立された。 法人化後、会社の急成長にはグーグルの核心検索エンジン（グーグル検索）を超える製品·買収·パートナーシップが含まれている。 業務と生産性のために設計されたサービス(グーグル文書、グーグルシート、グーグルスライド)、電子メール(Google)、スケジュールと時間管理(Googleカレンダー)、クラウドストレージ(Googleドライブ)、インスタントメッセージングとビデオチャット(GoogleDuo、グーグルチャット、グーグルミート)、言語翻訳(Google翻訳)、地図とナビゲーション(Google)を提供する。PS、Waze、GoogleEarth、StreetView、ポッドキャストホスティング（Googleポッドキャスト）、ビデオ共有（YouTube）、ブログ出版（ブロガー）、ノート撮影（GoogleKeepとJamboard）、写真整理と編集（GooglePhotos）。 同社はアンドロイドモバイルOS、グーグルクロームウェブブラウザ、クロームOS（自由オープンソースクロームOSOS基盤の軽量独自OS）の開発を主導している。 グーグルは2010年から2015年まで主要電子メーカーと提携してグーグルネクサス機器を生産し、2016年にはグーグルピクセル系列のスマートフォン、グーグルホームスマートスピーカー、グーグルWi-Fiメッシュ無線ルータなど複数のハードウェア製品を発売した。 グーグルもインターネット通信会社（グーグルファイバーとグーグルファイ）になる実験をした。 Google.comは世界で最も多く訪れるウェブサイトだ。 グーグルが所有する他のいくつかのウェブサイトもユーチューブとブロガーを含む最も人気のあるウェブサイトのリストに載っている。 最も価値のあるブランドのリストで、グーグルはForbesによって2位、Interbrandによって4位にランクされている。プライバシー問題、租税回避、検閲、検索中立性、反トラスト、独占的地位の濫用など、多くの問題に関する批判を受けた。
https://w.atwiki.jp/katsuhiro/pages/26.html
HTTPメソッド GET情報取得メソッド POST PUT DELETEリソース削除メソッド HTTPリクエスト ポストデータ HTMLのPOST指定のformから送信されるデータ JSPのrequestオブジェクトから下記のメソッドで情報を取得できるgetParameter getParameterValues リクエストボディのセットされて送信される クエリ情報 URLの末尾の"?"以降に「キー＝値」のセットで付加される簡易な情報 複数のセットがある場合は" "で連結される URLに直接指定するほか、HTMLのGET指定のformから送信されるデータ formのmethod属性が省略された場合もクエリ情報として送信される JSPのrequestオブジェクトから下記のメソッドで情報を取得できるgetParameter クエリ情報に特殊文字が含まれる場合は、あらかじめエンコードしておく必要がある（form経由の場合はエンコード不要） URLに使用可能な文字数を超えて送信できない(2,083文字)FireFoxの場合は制限が無いが、動作が遅くなる場合もあるらしい データがアドレス欄に露出してしまう ヘッダ情報 「名前： 値」形式 種類一般ヘッダ（要求／応答時双方で利用） エンティティヘッダ（コンテンツに関する情報） リクエスト（要求）ヘッダ（クライアントに関する情報） レスポンス（応答）ヘッダ（その他） JSPのrequestオブジェクトから下記のメソッドで情報を取得できるgetHeaderNames ただし、情報取得専用メソッドが存在するヘッダについてはそちらを使う ■ヘッダ例 種類 ヘッダ名 概要 一般 Cache-Control キャッシュルールを規定する Connection プロキシ（中間）サーバで削除すべきHTTPヘッダを指定 Date コンテンツ生成日時 Pragma キャッシングを利用するか（下位互換用のヘッダ） Transfer-Encoding コンテンツの転送エンコーディング方式 リクエスト Accept クライアント対応コンテンツの種類（優先順） Accept-Language クライアント対応言語（優先順） Authorization 認証情報 Cookie クライアントに保存されたクッキーデータを送信 Host 要求先ホスト名 If-Modified-Since 指定日時以降にコンテンツが更新されている場合にのみ、サーバはデータを送信 Proxy-Authorization プロキシサーバ用の認証情報 Range 要求リソース範囲 Referer リンク元URI User-Agent クライアントの種類 レスポンス ETag リソースを一意に特定するためのキー情報（コンテンツが更新されていないかどうかを特定する場合などに使用） Location クライアントに新しいURIに移動するように促す Server サーバの種類 Set-Cookie クライアントにクッキーを送信 WWW-Authenticate クライアントに認証を要求 エンティティ Content-Encoding コンテンツのエンコーディング方式 Content-Length コンテンツサイズ Content-Type コンテンツの種類 Expires コンテンツの有効期限 Last-Modified コンテンツの最終更新年月日 クッキー サーバがクライアントに対して自由に読み書きできるテキスト クッキーの有効期限負数をセットした場合、ブラウザの終了時に削除される ０をセットした場合、その場で削除される １以上をセットすると、その秒数分保持される クッキーのデメリットクライアント側でクッキーを受け入れないように設定することが可能 クライアント側でクッキーの改竄や削除が可能 実データがネットワーク上を流れてしまう クッキーの制約1つのホスト、ドメイン当たりの最大個数は20個（総数では300個以内） クッキー1つあたりの最大サイズは4096バイト セッション情報 長期間にわたって情報を保持するには不向き ユーザがブラウザを開いている間だけアプリケーション内で情報を受け渡しする場合にはクッキーより手軽でセキュアな仕組み sessionJSPの暗黙オブジェクトの１つ 下記のメソッドを使って読み書きするgetAttribute setAttribute @pageディレクティブのsession属性がfalseの場合は使えない sessionが不要の場合はsession属性をfalseにしておく（サーバリソースの節約） sessionを使うと… クライアントからサーバにリクエスト送信 サーバからのレスポンスにSet-Cookieヘッダの値としてセッションIDが付加される(JSESSIONID) クライアントからサーバに2回目以降のリクエスト送信時、Cookieヘッダの値として、受け取ったJSESSIONIDを付加して送る サーバをそのセッションIDに該当するセッションを使って処理をし、レスポンスを返す セッションの破棄方法明示的な破棄(session.invalidate()) 有効期限を設定する(session.setMaxInactiveInteval()) web.xmlにセッションの有効期限を設定する session-config session-timeout セッションの寿命明示的に破棄されるか有効期限を過ぎない限り、クライアントを閉じてもサーバ上で生き続ける ieHTTPHeaders http //www.blunck.info/iehttpheaders/iehttpheaders.html ⇒IE上でHTTPによる通信内容をトレースするツール